Process refinery pdf

LPG or gasoline or distillate mode Heat integration power recovery train, heat pump in C3R column Capable of handling very heavy feedstock. Cheapest available coversion process. Special design of reformer involving use of low press. Aromatics Designed to produce paraxylene and orthoxylene from Naphtha feedstock and mixed xylenes.

Capacity: Paraxylene Orthoxylene. Open navigation menu. Close suggestions Search Search. User Settings. Skip carousel. Carousel Previous. Carousel Next. What is Scribd? Explore Ebooks. Bestsellers Editors' Picks All Ebooks.

Explore Audiobooks. Bestsellers Editors' Picks All audiobooks. Explore Magazines. Editors' Picks All magazines. Explore Podcasts All podcasts. Difficulty Beginner Intermediate Advanced. Explore Documents. Refinery Process. And catalytic cracking also produces feed stocks for the alkylation unit to produce additional high octane gasoline.

As we go down to the distillation column, we are now into the vacuum distillation territory, and the product from vacuum distillation would go through extraction, dewaxing, and various treating and blending to produce lubricating oils as well as waxes and greases. We are now at the bottom of the vacuum distillation column, the vacuum distillation residue can do various things with this fraction versus coking.

It's a very severe thermal cracking process, which leads to petroleum coke as a byproduct. Refineries use coking to produce more jet fuel gasoline and then LPG. Petroleum coke is just a byproduct. The vacuum distillation residue could be treated in a deasphalting process to produce asphalt.

So, again, as a byproduct, the principal product from the deasphalting called the deasphalted oil could be used to making a lighter, hydrocarbons, fuels, and chemicals from this fraction. And this pretty much completes building off a very simple refinery flow chart. The refining processes can be divided into four groups, as indicated. While the separation processes involve just physical phenomena, the conversion, finishing, and support processes require chemical changes, i. This is a classification of refining processes and the types of refinery products shown by a flow chart.

The flow chart starts with crude oil. Above crude oil chemical constitution is written and below physical properties are written. Crude oil leads to the refining process including separation, conversion, finishing and support.

From there it goes to products including fuels, petrochemicals and materials. Underneath this is written specifications. Separation processes, such as distillation, dewaxing, and deasphalting make use of the differences in the physical properties of crude oil components to separate groups of hydrocarbon compounds or inorganic impurities, whereas conversion processes cause chemical changes in the hydrocarbon composition of crude oils.

For example, Fluid Catalytic Cracking process breaks chemical bonds in long-chain alkanes to produce shorter chain alkanes to produce gasoline from higher boiling gas oil fractions. The reforming process basically rearranges the hydrocarbon molecules of similar carbon atoms naphtha molecules to convert into gasoline molecules.

The Alkylation or Catalytic Polymerisation process in crude oil refining converts propene and butene molecules into high octane hydrocarbons by combining in the presence of an acid catalyst. The Isomerisation process in petroleum refining converts straight-chain hydrocarbons to branched chains which improve hydrocarbon quality. Treating in petroleum refining processes stabilize and upgrade the petroleum products by removing less desirable products and contaminants or objectionable elements.

Products like sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, salts, dissolved metals, etc are usually present which must be removed to improve the petroleum quality. Various processes used in treating are hydrodesulfurization, hydrotreating, chemical sweetening, desalting, deasphalting, hydrogen sulfide scrubbing, and acid gas removal.

The treating process can be an intermediate stage in the crude oil refining process, or the products can be treated just before sending the finished product to storage.

Various treating materials include acids, alkalis, oxidizing, solvents, and adsorption agents. Blending is the last step in the petroleum refining process and is quite complicated. The blending process involves the optimal mixing of various petroleum components to achieve the final finished product requiring specific octane specifications.

The final cost of the product is also decided based on the proper blending of the components. The blending processes in crude oil refining are very important to achieve desired properties like viscosity, flashpoint, pour point, octane number, etc.

Different processes are used to blend components like:. The image in Fig. I am a Mechanical Engineer turned into a Piping Engineer. I am very much passionate about blogging and always tried to do unique things. This website is my first venture into the world of blogging with the aim of connecting with other piping engineers around the world.

Your email address will not be published.